L’Association des juristes africains (Aja) s’est jointe aux vagues de réactions suite aux décrets de l’état d’urgence au Sénégal, en Côte d’Ivoire, entre autres pays du continent, en vue d’endiguer la propagation du Covid-19.
Saluant en effet ces « mesures urgentes et courageuses » face à la pandémie, le professeur Papa Ogo Seck et ses collègues juristes d’Afrique rappellent qu’iI s’agit d’une situation exceptionnelle prévue par le droit pour parer à un péril imminent et qui nécessite par conséquent une restriction des libertés, notamment celle de travailler, d’aller et de venir.
« L’administration doit être contrôlée, certains lieux publics fermés, les usagers protégés au regard de la menace grave et imminente (calamité publique). Et voilà pourquoi l’ordre public doit être respecté y compris par la restriction des droits et libertés fondamentales. L’usage de l’armée n’est pas à exclure pour discipliner les populations à défaut d’auto-confinement », ont-ils écrit dans un communiqué de presse.
Pour ces spécialistes du droit, au regard des motifs invoqués pour la mise en œuvre de ce mesures, des atteintes sont portées aux libertés fondamentales.
« Toutefois, précisent-ils, le contrôle est opéré par le juge administratif dans le cadre de l’état d’urgence. Mais il ne pourrait justifier un usage excessif ou abusif de la force publique ».
Par ailleurs, l’Aja est d’avis qu' »une attention particulière devrait être accordée aux personnes les plus vulnérables qui occupent plus de la moitié (voir 70%) des populations et au risque de susciter des conflits au sein des populations ».
A ce titre, ils ont tenu à lancer un appel aux autorités pour « la sauvegarde des droits économiques et sociaux, par la formalisation de la redistribution des ressources afin que cette situation n’augmente la misère, la pauvreté et les conflits dans nos nations ».
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